Worm Gearboxes – Compact Solutions with Self-Locking Capability

Worm gearboxes are a widely used type of gear unit, known for their right-angle drive configuration, high reduction ratios, and self-locking ability. These gearboxes are compact, quiet, and reliable, making them ideal for applications where space is limited and reverse motion must be prevented. In this article, you’ll learn what a worm gearbox is, how it works, its advantages, and where it is typically used. We’ll also show you why Rehfuss Drive Solutions is your reliable partner for high-quality worm gear technology.

What Is a Worm Gearbox?

A worm gearbox consists of two main components:

A worm shaft (similar to a screw)

A worm wheel (a toothed gear that meshes with the worm)

The worm shaft is positioned at a 90-degree angle to the worm wheel, creating a right-angle drive. The rotation of the worm shaft drives the worm wheel, but the reverse motion (worm wheel driving the worm shaft) is generally not possible – this feature is known as self-locking.

How Does a Worm Gearbox Work?

When the worm shaft rotates, its threads engage with the teeth of the worm wheel, causing the wheel to turn. Due to the sliding contact between the two components (rather than rolling contact like in helical gears), the motion is smooth and quiet, but it generates more heat and friction.

The gear reduction is achieved through the number of threads on the worm and the number of teeth on the worm wheel:

Gear Ratio = Number of Worm Wheel Teeth / Number of Threads on Worm

For example, a worm with 1 thread driving a 40-tooth worm wheel gives a 40:1 ratio in a single stage.

Advantages of Worm Gearboxes

1. High Reduction Ratios in One Stage

Worm gearboxes can achieve reduction ratios of up to 100:1 or more in a single gear stage.

2. Self-Locking Capability

In many cases, the worm gear cannot be back-driven, providing a natural brake for vertical or safety-critical systems.

3. Right-Angle Configuration

Perfect for applications with space constraints or specific shaft alignment requirements.

4. Smooth and Quiet Operation

Due to the sliding action between worm and wheel, worm gearboxes are quieter than most other gearbox types.

5. Compact Design

High reduction in one compact unit makes it easy to install and integrate into machinery.

Common Applications of Worm Gearboxes

Worm gearboxes are ideal for systems where compactness and control are more important than peak efficiency. Typical use cases include:

Conveyors and material handling systems

Elevators and hoists

Packaging machinery

Gates and lifting equipment

Mixers and turntables

Medical and lab equipment

Garage doors and shutters

Worm Gearboxes vs. Other Gear Types

Worm Gearbox

Right-angle drive

High gear ratios

Self-locking possible

Lower efficiency (60–85%)

Compact and quiet

Helical Gearbox

Parallel or right-angle drive (with bevel stage)

High efficiency (up to 98%)

No self-locking

More dynamic

Bevel Gearbox

Right-angle drive

Efficient and rugged

No self-locking

More costly for high ratios

Materials and Lubrication

Rehfuss worm gearboxes are made with high-quality materials for long-lasting performance:

Housings: Aluminum for light-duty or cast iron for heavy-duty applications

Gears: Hardened steel worm and bronze worm wheel for optimal wear resistance

Lubrication: Grease-filled or oil-bath versions, often maintenance-free (lifelong lubrication)

Optional: Food-grade oil or synthetic lubricants for specific environments

Worm Gearboxes from Rehfuss Drive Solutions

Rehfuss offers a complete range of worm gearboxes, designed for smooth performance, durability, and flexibility. Our models are available with:

Hollow or solid output shafts

Torque arms or foot/flange mounting

IEC motor flanges or fully integrated motors

Optional accessories such as brakes, encoders, or thermal protection

Custom designs for ATEX, hygienic, or outdoor environments

Buy Worm Gearboxes Now

Looking for a quiet, compact, and self-locking gearbox solution? Rehfuss worm gearboxes deliver precision, durability, and versatility for industrial applications.

More information here